Hurricane Ike Promises 'Certain Death'

The strongest hurricane to form in the Atlantic in 2008, and the third costliest storm ever to hit the United States, Hurricane Ike was a major Category 4 storm that, like the storms before it, battered Haiti, causing dozens of deaths there, and another seven in Cuba before it headed to the Texas coast.

An amazingly large storm, Ike seemed to cover a huge portion of the Gulf of Mexico as it slowly regained strength, before striking Galveston as a Category 2 storm Sept. 13, Ike became a hurricane on Sept. 3 and rapidly intensified to a Category 4 hurricane northeast of the Leeward Islands. The storm struck the Turks and Caicos Islands and Great Inagua Island in the Southeastern Bahamas on Sept. 7, and the northeast coast of Cuba later that day. Ike made its final landfall at Galveston Island, Texas on Sept. 13 as a Category 2 hurricane. Ike killed more than 80 people across the Caribbean and Bahamas, and another 20 in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. Total estimated U.S. property damage from Ike is estimated at $19.3 billion.

Photo: NOAA

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Mincing no words, the National Weather Service warned of "certain death" on Galveston Island in the path of Hurricane Ike for those who fail to evacuate. The last warning of that severity came three years ago, according to CNN, as Hurricane Katrina neared landfall in New Orleans.

Hurricane Ike, still a Category 2 storm with 100 mph winds, is expected to regain "major hurricane" Category 3 strength, a measure of wind speed. But it is its size — with tropical storm force winds registering well over 250 miles from its center — that remains as big a concern. Storm surge along the Texas Coast, where 108 years ago — almost to the day — a hurricane nearly wiped Galveston off the map, could be up to 20 or 25 feet above normal, and that surge could be accompanied by "dangerous battering waves," according to the National Hurricane Center.

Five to 10 inches of rain is possible, and as much as 15 inches in some areas.

The early impacts of the hurricane will be felt within hours, as the outer edges of the storm reach the coast. Hurricane conditions could affect an area from Morgan City, La., to Baffin Bay, Tex. Tropical storm conditions could affect all of Louisiana and Mississippi's coast, and along the Texas coast to Port Mansfield.

Hurricane Ike is already one of the season's deadliest storms, having killed dozens in Haiti and a handful in Cuba.

Thousands of people are being evacuated.

Oil prices are up slightly as oil rigs and refineries shut down.

Hurricane Ike Projected Path / National Hurricane Center

Hurricane Ike is the fifth hurricane to form in the Atlantic basin in 2008, and it was the most powerful yet to make landfall, when it struck Cuba. Before Ike, there had been four deadly storms in the Atlantic, Hurricanes Dolly, Gustav, Hanna and Tropical Storm Fay. Hanna, which is blamed for at least 163 deaths in Haiti, and possibly more than 500, is the deadliest storm so far.

The Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane season is only now passing at its traditional peak. Already there have been 10 named storms, including five hurricanes (Bertha, Dolly, Gustav, Hanna and Ike), three of them major (Bertha, Gustav and Ike).

The latest government forecast called for 14 to 18 named storms, seven to 10 of which would become hurricanes, three to six of them major.

Global Warming and Hurricanes

The suddenly active, and dangerous, spate of storms has reignited the debate over global warming's link to hurricanes in the Atlantic. There has been conflicting science on the issue, with some studies suggesting hurricanes will become stronger or more frequent, or that they will produce more rain, because of warmer ocean temperatures. Other studies suggest they will become less frequent because of competing influences.

Last week, a Florida State team of scientists added a study in support of the global warming-stronger hurricane link, and the Associated Press quoted some experts stating that the strength of Hurricane Gustav and other hurricanes could be seen in some ways as a result of global warming.

While experts disagree over the global warming link, they are unanimous in their warning about coastal development in hurricane-prone areas. As sprawl has reached once-remote coastlines, the number of people at risk from hurricanes has grown greatly.

Here's a look at the season in the Atlantic so far:

2008 Tropical Storms and Hurricanes - Atlantic

1. Tropical Storm Arthur formed quickly on May 31 off Belize, lost tropical storm strength in fewer than 24 hours, and brought punishing rains of 10-15 inches to parts of the Yucatán Peninsula, including Mexico and Guatemala.

NOAA

2. Hurricane Bertha formed as a tropical storm July 3 in the far eastern Atlantic, then debuted as the Atlantic's first hurricane July 7 and quickly grew to major hurricane status. By the time it affected land, July 14 in Bermuda, it was a strong tropical storm, causing rough surf and 3-5 inches of rain. It broke the record for longest-lived July storm and on July 18 reformed into a hurricane.

NASA

3. Tropical Storm Cristobal formed on July 19 off the coast of the Carolinas. The first named storm to threaten the U.S. coast, Cristobal threatened 3-5 inches of rain and strong storm surges across South and North Carolina.

NOAA

4. Hurricane Dolly reached Category 2 strength in the Gulf of Mexico before making landfall near the Texas-Mexico border July 23, 2008. Heavy rains and wind led to at least one death, flooding and damage in Texas and in neighboring states that may exceed $1 billion.

NASA

5. Tropical Storm Edouard formed August 3 in the Gulf of Mexico and though forecasters predicted strengthening and it passed by critical oil infrastructure, it was largely welcomed for relieving drought conditions in some parts of Texas and Louisiana.

NOAA

6. Tropical Storm Fay formed August 15 off the coast of the Dominican Republic and killed 35 people there and in Haiti before making a record five landfalls in Florida, where it killed 11 before moving on as a tropical depression, killing at least one in Georgia.

NOAA

7. Hurricane Gustav formed August 25 off the coast of Haiti and reached hurricane strength Aug. 26 before making landfall there. It has been blamed for dozens of deaths in the Caribbean, making it the deadliest tropical storm of 2008 in the Atlantic to date, even before it reached the Gulf Coast, where 2 million evacuated in preparation.

NOAA

8. Hurricane Hanna formed August 28 in the Central Atlantic and briefly attained hurricane strength Sept. 1. The storm was blamed for at least 163 deaths, and possibly more than 500, in Haiti. As a tropical storm, Hanna drenched the U.S. East Coast.

NOAA

9. Hurricane Ike formed September 1 and reached major Category 4 hurricane status Sept. 3. After losing some strength, Ike regained Category 4 hurricane status as it made landfall in the Bahamas Sept. 7. It has been blamed for dozens of deaths in Haiti, and is expected to strike Texas, possibly as a Category 3 storm.

NASA

10. Tropical Storm Josephine formed Sept. 2, with both Hanna and Ike also active in the Atlantic, but dissipated before affecting land.

NASA

Remaining 2008 Tropical Storm and Hurricane Names - Atlantic

Kyle - Laura - Marco - Nana - Omar - Paloma - Rene - Sally - Teddy - Vicky - Wilfred

2008 Tropical Storms and Hurricanes - Pacific

1. Tropical Storm Alma brought heavy rains and winds to the Central American nations of Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala after forming May 29.

2. Hurricane Boris formed near Baja California and headed west into the Pacific, before reaching hurricane strength July 1.

3. Tropical Storm Cristina formed near Hawaii June 29 but dissipated before making landfall.

4. Tropical Storm Douglas formed July 2 and threatened to dump heavy rains on portions of southwest Mexico.

5. Hurricane Elida formed July 12 as a tropical storm and became the season's second Pacific hurricane July 14 when it became a weak Category 1 storm tracking westward from Mexico.

6. Hurricane Fausto formed as a tropical storm July 16 off the coast of Mexico. Like other 2008 Pacific hurricanes, the third of the year did not affect land.

7. Hurricane Genevieve formed in the Pacific Ocean, more than 580 miles off the coast of Mexico, on July 25, 2008. The fourth hurricane in the eastern Pacific, it did not affect land.

8. Hurricane Hernan formed August 6 hundreds of miles from Baja California and reached hurricane strength Aug. 8. On Aug. 9, it reached Category 3 status, the first major hurricane of 2008 in the Pacific. It lost hurricane Strength Aug. 11 and dissipated Aug. 12.

9. Tropical Storm Iselle formed August 13.

10. Tropical Storm Julio formed August 23 and made landfall in Baja California Aug. 24.

11. Tropical Storm Karina formed Sept. 2 in the eastern Pacific, and dissipated within about 12 hours.

12. Tropical Storm Lowell formed Sept. 6 in the eastern Pacific, and could reach hurricane strength, though it isn't expected to affect land.

Remaining 2008 Tropical Storm and Hurricane Names - Pacific

Marie - Norbert - Odile - Polo - Rachel - Simon - Trudy - Vance - Winnie - Xavier - Yolanda - Zeke

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